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What Is SSL/TLS and How to Know If Your Website Is Properly Secured

Unlock the secrets of SSL/TLS to secure your site like a pro

AttackVector Team

AttackVector Team

Security Researchers

|January 12, 20268 min read

Summary

In this article, you'll delve into the practical workings of SSL/TLS certificates and understand what makes them a cornerstone of web security. We'll dissect the handshake process, common pitfalls like expired certificates and weak ciphers, and give you actionable insights on verifying your setup. Plus, we'll show you how AttackVector's automated audits can spot vulnerabilities before they become breaches.

ELI5 — The Simple Version

Think of SSL/TLS as a secret envelope for your online messages. When you send data over the internet, SSL/TLS wraps it up in a secure envelope, ensuring that only the intended recipient can open it. It’s like sending a letter with a wax seal that only the recipient has the key to break. Without it, anyone could intercept and read your messages, just like someone opening your mail. SSL/TLS makes sure your online conversations remain private and untampered.

The Foundation of SSL/TLS Security

Imagine a bank with no doors or security cameras—risky, right? That’s what it’s like to run a website without SSL/TLS encryption. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and its successor, TLS (Transport Layer Security), encrypt data transmitted over the internet, ensuring confidentiality and integrity. They form the bedrock of secure online communication.

The Handshake Explained

The SSL/TLS handshake is akin to a secret handshake at a speakeasy, but with more complexity. When a user connects to a website, the client and server exchange cryptographic keys to verify each other’s authenticity. This involves several steps:

  1. 1Client Hello: The client sends a request to the server, including the SSL/TLS version and cipher suites it supports.
  2. 2Server Hello: The server responds with its SSL/TLS version, cipher suite, and its digital certificate.
  3. 3Certificate Verification: The client verifies the server’s certificate against trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs).
  4. 4Key Exchange: The client and server agree on session keys, using one of several cryptographic methods.
  5. 5Secure Connection Established: All further communication is encrypted.

Real-World Breach: Equifax

Consider the Equifax breach of 2017. A missing SSL/TLS patch on a consumer dispute portal allowed attackers to siphon personal data of 147 million people. This breach highlighted that even a single weak link can lead to disaster. Equifax’s failure to secure its SSL/TLS setup underscored the critical need for regular maintenance and audits.

Common Misconfigurations and How to Avoid Them

Expired Certificates: An expired SSL certificate screams 'unprofessional.' It's like showing up to a date in pajamas. Set reminders and automate renewals to avoid this.

Weak Ciphers: Using outdated ciphers is akin to securing your house with a paperclip. Use strong, modern ciphers. Tools like nmap can help you check your site's cipher strength.

Mixed Content: This occurs when a secure page loads insecure resources. It’s like having a vault door with a window next to it. Ensure all elements are delivered over HTTPS.

How to Test Your SSL/TLS Setup

Here’s how to test:

  1. 1Use an SSL Checker Tool: Websites like Qualys SSL Labs can instantly audit your site for SSL/TLS configuration issues.
  2. 2Command Line Tools: Use openssl to manually test your server’s SSL/TLS version and cipher suite:
openssl s_client -connect yourwebsite.com:443
  1. 1Automate with AttackVector: Our platform performs comprehensive SSL audits, checking protocol versions, issuer validity, expiry, and cipher strength.

What Not to Do: The DigiNotar Debacle

Remember DigiNotar? In 2011, this Dutch CA was hacked, leading to the issuance of fraudulent certificates. Their mistake? Poor internal controls and failure to detect intrusions promptly. Always monitor your SSL/TLS infrastructure with tools like nuclei to catch anomalies early.

Why SSL/TLS Matters More Than Ever

According to Verizon's DBIR, 32% of breaches involve phishing attacks that SSL/TLS could mitigate. OWASP lists broken authentication as a top threat, highlighting the importance of secure channels. SSL/TLS isn’t just a checkbox—it’s a necessity.

Conclusion

Securing your website with SSL/TLS is non-negotiable. It’s the digital equivalent of locking your house and installing an alarm system. By following the steps outlined here and leveraging tools like AttackVector, you can ensure your website remains a fortress against cyber threats.

Key Takeaways

  • 1Audit your SSL/TLS setup regularly for expired certificates and weak ciphers.
  • 2Use tools like nmap and openssl to test your cipher strength and protocol versions.
  • 3Run nuclei against your SSL/TLS infrastructure to catch configuration anomalies early.
  • 4Configure your server to use strong, modern ciphers and protocols.
  • 5Monitor and automate certificate renewals to avoid service disruptions.

Referenced CVEs