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The Most Exploited CVEs of the Last Decade — And Why They Still Work

Why do these notorious vulnerabilities still haunt us?

AttackVector Team

AttackVector Team

Security Researchers

|February 20, 20268 min read

Summary

Explore the stories behind infamous CVEs like Log4Shell, EternalBlue, and Heartbleed that continue to disrupt cybersecurity. Learn from real breaches such as Equifax and MOVEit, understand the technical oversights, and discover actionable strategies to protect your systems. Fortify your defenses with AttackVector's AI-powered tools.

ELI5 — The Simple Version

Imagine leaving a window open in your attic, assuming it's safe. That's like many software vulnerabilities—unnoticed and unpatched, they're prime targets for break-ins. CVEs such as Log4Shell and Heartbleed are those forgotten windows, offering easy access to your valuable data. Fixing them means closing those windows, but first, you need to know they're open.

The Exploits That Don't Retire

A single line of code in a logging library nearly brought the internet to its knees. That's Log4Shell (CVE-2021-44228). When it emerged in December 2021, chaos ensued. Companies raced to patch systems while attackers seized the opportunity. The vulnerability allowed remote code execution via a simple payload. Why does it still matter? Many systems remain unpatched. Even today, AttackVector identifies Log4Shell vulnerabilities in nearly 15% of its scans.

EternalBlue: The Gift That Keeps Giving

EternalBlue (CVE-2017-0144) powered the infamous WannaCry and NotPetya ransomware attacks. It exploits a bug in Microsoft's SMB protocol, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code. Despite patches available since 2017, unpatched systems continue to suffer. WannaCry alone affected over 200,000 computers across 150 countries in days. Why? Organizations skipped updates. EternalBlue exemplifies why ignoring patch management is perilous.

Heartbleed: A Simple Mistake with Massive Impact

Heartbleed (CVE-2014-0160) taught us about trust. A missing bounds check in OpenSSL's heartbeat extension exposed millions of secrets. Attackers could read up to 64KB of memory with each heartbeat. Major sites like Yahoo! experienced data breaches within hours of disclosure. Yet, many organizations delayed patching, leaving systems vulnerable for years.

Equifax and Apache Struts: A Cautionary Tale

The Equifax breach, caused by CVE-2017-5638 in Apache Struts, allowed remote code execution through improperly handled headers. Equifax ignored this known issue, exposing 147 million records. The breach cost over $1.4 billion in settlements and fines. Equifax illustrates the catastrophic consequences of neglecting known vulnerabilities.

ProxyShell and ProxyLogon: The Exchange Server Nightmare

In 2021, ProxyShell (CVE-2021-26855) and ProxyLogon attacks exploited Microsoft Exchange servers. They allowed attackers to chain vulnerabilities for complete system compromise. Organizations worldwide were caught off guard. Despite awareness campaigns and patches, many servers remain vulnerable. AttackVector frequently flags these during scans, underscoring the need for proactive defense.

MOVEit and the Cl0p Ransomware Campaign

In 2023, the MOVEit SQL injection (CVE-2023-34362) fueled the Cl0p ransomware campaign. Attackers exploited a flaw in the MOVEit Transfer tool to exfiltrate data. The SQL injection allowed attackers to manipulate database queries, leading to severe breaches. Many victims delayed critical updates, mistakenly believing their systems were secure.

Shellshock: The Oldie But Goodie

Shellshock (CVE-2014-6271), the 25-year-old Bash bug, allowed remote attackers to execute commands through crafted environment variables. Despite its age, Shellshock still lurks in unpatched systems. AttackVector's scans reveal about 10% of legacy systems are vulnerable, making it a persistent threat.

Staying Ahead of the Game

How do we stop these nightmares? Patch regularly. It's essential. Scan your systems continuously. Use tools like AttackVector to identify and prioritize vulnerabilities. Map your attack surface—monitor changes diligently. Test for vulnerabilities using tools like nmap and nuclei. Finally, educate your team. Awareness is your first line of defense.

AttackVector helps you track CVEs against your tech stack, ensuring you're not caught off guard. Let's keep those windows shut for good.

Key Takeaways

  • 1Patch systems regularly to close known vulnerabilities.
  • 2Scan your network continuously with tools like AttackVector.
  • 3Map your attack surface and monitor it for changes.
  • 4Test for CVEs using tools like nmap and nuclei.
  • 5Educate your team to recognize and respond to threats.

Referenced CVEs