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OWASP Top 10 Explained — The Most Critical Web Application Security Risks

Unpack vulnerabilities with real breaches and actionable insights

AttackVector Team

AttackVector Team

Security Researchers

|January 9, 20268 min read

Summary

Explore the OWASP Top 10 to grasp the most pressing web application security risks. We’ll break down each category with real-world examples like the Equifax breach, show how to test for these vulnerabilities, and highlight missteps to avoid. Discover how AttackVector leverages these insights to enhance your security posture.

ELI5 — The Simple Version

Think of your web app as a house. The OWASP Top 10 is a list of common ways burglars break in. From unlocked doors (injection flaws) to imposters sneaking in through the party (broken authentication), understanding these risks helps you secure everything. Even if you're not a security expert, consider it like checking your home security; you wouldn't leave the front door open, right?

The Importance of the OWASP Top 10

Web app vulnerabilities are not minor concerns. The 2017 Equifax breach exposed 147 million records due to a failure to patch a known vulnerability (CVE-2017-5638). The OWASP Top 10 prioritizes the most critical risks in web applications, aiming to make the web safer by educating developers and security pros.

1. Broken Access Control

Unauthorized data access is a serious issue. Facebook's 2019 breach allowed attackers to access over 419 million user records. How to test: Use Burp Suite to check if restricted pages can be accessed without proper authorization.

2. Cryptographic Failures

The Heartbleed bug was a cryptographic failure that exposed sensitive data by allowing attackers to read server memory. Secure encryption is vital. What not to do: Avoid outdated or weak encryption algorithms like MD5.

3. Injection

SQL injections remain relevant due to their impact. The 2014 TalkTalk breach cost the company £60 million. Here's how to test: Use sqlmap to identify exploitable injection points.

4. Insecure Design

Insecure design flaws affect system architecture. The MOVEit breach demonstrated how insecure default settings can expose sensitive data.

5. Security Misconfiguration

Misconfigurations are easy targets. The 2019 Capital One breach involved an exposed S3 bucket leading to data theft. To test: Regularly scan your infrastructure with tools like nmap for open ports and default credentials.

6. Vulnerable and Outdated Components

The Equifax breach exemplifies the dangers of outdated components. Failing to update Apache Struts led to disaster. What to do: Maintain a detailed inventory of components and update them regularly.

7. Identification and Authentication Failures

Weak authentication opens doors for attackers. Testing tip: Use brute-force tools like Hydra to test the strength of your authentication mechanisms.

8. Software and Data Integrity Failures

Supply chain attacks, such as SolarWinds, highlight the risk of blindly trusting third-party software. Action step: Verify the integrity of updates and third-party software using checksums.

9. Security Logging and Monitoring Failures

Without logging, you're flying blind. The 2013 Target breach could have been mitigated with prompt attention to security alerts. How to improve: Implement comprehensive logging and real-time monitoring using tools like Splunk.

10. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

SSRF attacks can trick servers into making unauthorized requests. Testing method: Use ffuf to identify SSRF vulnerabilities by fuzzing URL parameters.

AttackVector's Approach

At AttackVector, we map scan findings directly to the OWASP categories in our Pro tier deep pentests. This means when you run a scan, you'll see exactly how your app stacks up against the top 10 risks, complete with actionable remediation steps.

Key Takeaways

  • 1Scan your web apps regularly with nmap and Burp Suite.
  • 2Patch known vulnerabilities as soon as updates are available.
  • 3Implement strong, unique authentication mechanisms.
  • 4Verify third-party components with checksums before use.
  • 5Enable comprehensive logging and respond to alerts promptly.

Referenced CVEs