Definition
Vulnerability scanning is an automated process used to identify known security weaknesses in systems, networks, or applications. It involves probing systems to detect vulnerabilities without exploiting them, distinguishing it from penetration testing.How It Works
- 1Network Discovery: Tools like nmap identify active devices on a network.
- 2Vulnerability Detection: Scanners such as Nessus or OpenVAS compare system configurations against a database of known vulnerabilities, including CVE entries.
- 3Report Generation: Results are compiled into a report detailing identified vulnerabilities, often with risk ratings and remediation suggestions.
Key Characteristics
- Automated Process: Uses predefined rules and databases of known vulnerabilities.
- Non-Intrusive: Identifies vulnerabilities without exploiting them.
- Regular Updates: Scanners must be updated with the latest vulnerability databases to remain effective.
Comparison
| Feature | Vulnerability Scanning | Penetration Testing |
|---|---|---|
| Automation | High | Low |
| Exploitation | No | Yes |
| Frequency | Regular (e.g., daily) | Periodic |
| Scope | Broad | Focused |
Real-World Example
In 2020, CVE-2020-3452 highlighted a path traversal vulnerability in Cisco ASA devices. Tools like OpenVAS can detect such vulnerabilities by checking system configurations against known CVE data.Detection & Prevention
- Regular Scanning: Schedule frequent scans using tools like Nessus or OpenVAS.
- Patch Management: Apply security patches promptly based on scan findings.
- Configuration Management: Regularly review and update system configurations to close potential entry points.
Common Misconceptions
- Vulnerability Scanning is the same as Penetration Testing: Scanning identifies vulnerabilities but does not exploit them as penetration testing does.
- Scans are always accurate: False positives and negatives can occur; manual review may be necessary.
- One-time scans are sufficient: Regular scanning is necessary as new vulnerabilities emerge continuously.