Definition
A supply chain attack involves compromising a target by infiltrating its supply chain, typically through third-party software dependencies, updates, or build processes. Attackers exploit these dependencies to introduce malicious code or vulnerabilities into the target's software environment.How It Works
- 1Identify Target Dependencies: Attackers identify and research third-party software components that a target relies on.
- 2Infiltrate Through Vulnerabilities: They exploit weaknesses such as dependency confusion or typosquatting to introduce malicious code.
- 3Compromise Updates: Attackers may compromise legitimate software updates to distribute malware.
- 4CI/CD Pipeline Attacks: They may target continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) processes to inject malicious code during software builds.
Key Characteristics
- Often targets open-source libraries or widely-used software components.
- Involves stealthy insertion of malicious code into legitimate software.
- Can affect numerous users or systems relying on the compromised software.
Comparison
| Attack Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Supply Chain Attack | Infiltration through third-party dependencies or build processes. |
| Phishing | Deceptive emails used to steal personal information. |
| Man-in-the-Middle | Interception and alteration of communication between two parties by a third party. |
Real-World Example
- SolarWinds Orion (2020): Attackers inserted malicious code into the Orion software updates, affecting thousands of organizations including U.S. government agencies.
- Codecov (2021): A malicious actor modified Codecov's Bash Uploader script, compromising sensitive environmental variables of its users.
- Event-stream npm package (2018): A malicious actor gained control of the event-stream package, inserting code to steal Bitcoin wallets.
Detection & Prevention
- SBOM (Software Bill of Materials): Maintain a detailed inventory of all software components.
- Dependency Auditing Tools: Use tools like npm audit and Snyk for vulnerability scanning.
- Regular Updates: Keep all software and dependencies up-to-date with security patches.
- CI/CD Pipeline Security: Implement security checks within CI/CD processes to detect unauthorized changes.
Common Misconceptions
- 1Supply chain attacks only affect large corporations. (False: They can target any size organization.)
- 2Open-source software is inherently more vulnerable. (False: While open-source code is accessible, vulnerabilities depend on maintenance and oversight.)
- 3Once detected, supply chain vulnerabilities are easy to fix. (False: They often require extensive audits and updates across multiple systems.)