Definition
Social engineering is a manipulation technique that exploits human error to gain private information, access, or valuables. It relies on human interaction and often involves tricking people into breaking normal security procedures.How It Works
- 1Research: The attacker gathers information about the target to make their approach more convincing.
- 2Choice of Attack: The attacker selects a method, such as phishing, pretexting, or baiting.
- 3Execution: The attacker contacts the target using the chosen method, often via email or phone.
- 4Manipulation: The attacker persuades the target to reveal information or perform an action.
- 5Exploitation: The attacker uses the information or access gained to achieve their goal.
Key Characteristics
- Relies on psychological manipulation
- Involves interaction with the target
- Can bypass technological security measures
Comparison
| Type | Method | Target Scope |
|---|---|---|
| Phishing | Mass emails | General audience |
| Spear Phishing | Tailored emails | Specific individuals |
| Vishing | Phone calls | Individuals by phone |
| Pretexting | Fabricated story | Trusted relationships |
| Baiting | Fake offers | Public or individuals |
| Tailgating | Physical entry | Secure locations |
Real-World Example
In the Twitter 2020 hack, attackers used social engineering to gain access to internal systems by tricking employees into providing their credentials, affecting high-profile accounts including those of Elon Musk and Joe Biden.Detection & Prevention
- Security Awareness Training: Regular training to recognize and respond to social engineering attempts.
- Phishing Simulations: Using tools like Nucleii or Burp Suite to test employee responses.
- Strict Access Controls: Implementing multi-factor authentication and least privilege principles.
Common Misconceptions
- Myth: Social engineering is just about email scams.
- Myth: Only large organizations are targeted.
- Myth: Technology alone can prevent social engineering.