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What is OWASP Top 10?

Learn about the OWASP Top 10, a vital web security checklist highlighting critical risks to protect web applications effectively.

Explain Like I'm 5

Think of your website like a big, important house. Each room in this house is a part of your website that you want to keep safe—like your bedroom for privacy or your kitchen for food safety. Now, imagine someone gives you a list of the top ten things you should check to keep your house secure, like locking the doors, securing the windows, and making sure the smoke alarms work. The OWASP Top 10 is just like that list but for websites. It tells you the most important security risks that could affect your website and how to protect it. Just like checking your house's locks keeps burglars out, following the OWASP Top 10 helps stop hackers from sneaking into your website.

Technical Definition

Definition

The OWASP Top 10 is a key awareness document that identifies the most critical security risks to web applications. It is published by the Open Web Application Security Project and is updated regularly to stay current with evolving threats. The latest version was released in 2021.

How It Works

  1. 1Broken Access Control: Failing to enforce permissions allows unauthorized actions.
  2. 2Cryptographic Failures: Weak protection of sensitive data in storage or during transmission.
  3. 3Injection: Malicious code is inserted into software through untrusted input.
  4. 4Insecure Design: Design flaws that lead to vulnerabilities.
  5. 5Security Misconfiguration: Incorrect settings or default configurations that expose risks.
  6. 6Vulnerable Components: Use of outdated or insecure libraries and frameworks.
  7. 7Authentication Failures: Weaknesses in verifying user identities.
  8. 8Data Integrity Failures: Lack of checks to ensure data accuracy and validity.
  9. 9Logging Failures: Poor logging and monitoring of security incidents.
  10. 10SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery): Manipulation of server requests to access unauthorized resources.

Key Characteristics

  • Regularly Updated: Keeps pace with the latest threat landscape.
  • Industry-Recognized: A global standard for web security.
  • Comprehensive Coverage: Addresses a wide range of vulnerabilities.

Comparison

FeatureOWASP Top 10SANS Top 25
FocusWeb applicationsSoftware generally
Number of Categories1025
Update FrequencyEvery few yearsLess frequently

Real-World Example

The Equifax breach in 2017, caused by not patching a known vulnerability (CVE-2017-5638), highlights the importance of addressing security misconfigurations and using vulnerable components.

Detection & Prevention

  • Use tools like OWASP ZAP and Burp Suite for scanning vulnerabilities.
  • Regularly update and patch all software components.
  • Implement strong authentication and proper access controls.

Common Misconceptions

  • Misconception 1: "Following the OWASP Top 10 ensures complete security." It is a starting point, not a complete solution.
  • Misconception 2: "OWASP Top 10 is only for developers." It's relevant to everyone involved in web security.
  • Misconception 3: "Only large organizations need it." Organizations of all sizes can benefit.

Keywords

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